ABSTRACT
Karyotyping is one among the culling parameter used for taking up culling decisions. Cytogenetic screening of breeding bulls has been recommended to screen for chromosomal abnormalities before semen production in artificial insemination. The chromosomal analysis of a Holstein Friesian crossbred bull revealed the presence of acrocentric Y-chromosome, which was further confirmed by CBGbanding. The shape of the Y-chromosome determining that male line used for crossbreeding was from indigenous origin. Karyotyping is a best and reliable technique for the identification of crossbred calves born to the indigenous bulls.
ABSTRACT
The present study was carried out to determine the pysico-chemical characteristics and nutrients in two stations of Alagankulam River, Ramanathapuram, and South East Coast of India during January to December 2012. All the pysico-chemical parameters were analyzed using standard methods (Apha, 1998). The minimum and maximum values of water temperature (°c), Dissolved oxygen (mg/lit), Salinity (ppt), PH, Calcium (mg/lit) was 26-35 (Station 1), 26-35 (Station 2), 5.0-7.1 (S1), 5.0-7.1 (S2), 0.01-0.06 (S1), 0.02-0.07 (S2), 7.0-8.2 (S1), 7.2-8.3 (S2), 22.1-29.4 (S1), 19.9-26,2 (S2) respectively. The range of Alkalinity (mg/lit), Silicate (mg/lit), Sulphate (mg/lit), Chloride (mg/lit), Ammonia (mg/lit), Phosphate (mg/lit) and nitrite (mg/lit) was 16.1-28.6 (S1), 18.5-26.8 (S2), 0.13-2.28 (S1), 0.81-1.74 (S2), 26.13-41.29 (S1), 28.9-49.70(S2), 6.1-8.7(S1), 5.5-7.9 (S2), 0.2-1.9 (S1), 0.2-1.9 (S2), 3.3-9.2 (S1), 1.3-8.5 (S2), 13-28 (S1) and 12-27 (S2) respectively.
ABSTRACT
Several bodily functions in humans vary on a 24 h pattern and most of these variations persist with a circadian period of ca 25 h when subjects are studied under conditions of social and temporal isolation. We report in this paper that the estimates of short time intervals (TE) of 2 h are strongly coupled to the circadian rhythm in sleepwakefulness. There is a linear correlation between the number of hours humans stay awake (α) and their estimation of 2 h intervals. The coupling of TE to α appears to obtain only under conditions of physical well-being.